Safety assessment of Spondias purpurea aqueous leaf extract (anacardiaceae): Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies in wistar rats

This study aimed to assess the toxicological profile of aqueous leaf extract S. purpurea (ALES) in Wistar rats. ALES was subjected acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies which were conducted according Lorke’s Organization for Economic Co-operation Development 408 guidelines respectively. The carried out two phases within 48 hours. Sub-chronic (90 days) on 4 groups rats each. first group received 1mL/kg distilled water, Groups 2, 3 250, 500 1000 mg/kg Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed presence saponins, steroids/triterpenes, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides. oral median lethal dose (LD50) established be greater than 5000 mg/kg. administration did not produce significant changes body weights relative organ treated Hematology results between control a 90-day period comparable, however there (p < 0.05) increase differential white blood cell at highest dose. Biochemical result, non-significant mean variations levels renal hepatic parameters their corresponding controls. However, dependent decrease level potassium glucose compared respective control, also non-dose ALP group. Lipid examined showed cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL level, triglyceride treatment control. Additionally, comparison HDL observed groups. Histological result slight alterations brain, liver, kidney, lungs uterus intensified with an doses extracts administered. These findings suggest that Spondias is relatively safe administration. long term higher could mild toxic responses. Therefore, caution should taken extract.